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HANSI
BRAND (1912-2000)
Hansi Brand was born into a German speaking family in Budapest.
A busty woman of short stature, good looking, with long black
hair, she was neither an intellectual nor an idealist by nature.
She applied her extraordinary intelligence to solving practical
matters rather than trying to change the world. .
Because her family lacked the funds,
she could not finish High School. At 16, she apprentices
with her aunt, who manufactures knit wear out of her home.
At 17 she joins the Zionist youth movement, not because
she wants to follow the Zionist dream. It is the only group
where she feels accepted as a Jew. She is not religious
at all, nor are her parents. By the time she reaches her
early twenties, Hansi is building a business. She buys a
couple of sewing machines from her aunt, expands and hires
seamstresses. Twelve employees manufacture socks, gloves
and sweaters. More and more of the work is contracted out
to home-based seamstresses outside of Budapest, as Hansi’s
business grows rapidly. She is perfectly bilingual in German
and Hungarian. That is why she gets called in as an interpreter
to the Kibbutz-like organization "Hachscharah",
where she meets Joel Brand. They marry in 1935. In the 1944,
the most turbulent year of her life, she is 32 years old.
HANSI'S
TESTIMONY AT EICHMANN TRIAL |
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JOEL
BRAND (1906-1964)
Born in Hungary, he grew up in Erfurt, Germany, where his
family had moved in 1910. German is his mother tongue. After
graduating from High School, he decides against college, to
pursue his dreams of adventure in foreign lands. He moves
to New York and travels across the United States, working
odd jobs. He get employment in road construction, auto plants
and coal mines. But he is expelled from the U.S. for his communist
activities. He decides to join the merchant marine, spending
time in the Philippines, Japan, China and South America. He
returns to Germany, 24 years old, in 1930. During this time,
he and his friends are hoping for a socialist revolution as
the answer to mass unemployment and social unrest. But fascism
begins to rear its ugly head. Hitler seizes power in 1933.
After the Reichstag fire, he and many other Jews and socialist
sympathizers are arrested and spend a few months in jail.
Two years later he emigrates to Budapest to avoid further
persecution.
In Hungary, he is considered a foreigner in his own country.
He has a difficult time learning Hungarian. But German is
spoken by a large portion of the population in this former
part of the Austria-Hungarian Empire. The events in Germany
and the Soviet Union force him to revise his political views,
and he becomes a Zionist, harking back to the tradition
of his family and his own early youth. He gets a job at
the Budapest Telephone Company, which his father had founded.
In his heart, he is finished with Europe and he wants to
emigrate to Palestine. He joins a group of young Zionists
who prepare themselves for life in Palestine. There he meets
Hansi Hartmann. Joel is 38 years old in 1944.
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RUDOLF
(RESZÖ) KASTNER (1906-1957)
Born in Cluj ("Klausenburg", Transylvania when it
was part of Romania. Later annexed to Hungary).Kastner was
a lawyer with a doctorate degree and a journalist. A Jewish
intellectual, his thinking is analytical and strategically
oriented. He has the demeanor of a politician. He always dresses
well and his words are carefully chosen. But most of all,
Kastner is a committed Zionist, who puts his whole heart and
soul into the rescue of Jews. He moves to Budapest in 1941,
where he meets Joel and Hansi Brand and joins the rescue committee
VAADA. Although timid by nature, he is able to muster enormous
courage at critical moments. From the summer of 1944 until
the collapse of the Third Reich, Kastner plays a dangerous
game of poker with the Nazis, in order to save as many Jews
as possible. In the eyes of many, he becomes a collaborator,
while getting too close to the enemy. Yet, as history has
proven, he is one of the most unsung heroes of the Holocaust. |
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KASTNER
MEMORIAL WEBSITE |
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ADOLF
EICHMANN (1906-1962)
Born in Solingen, Germany, Eichmann grew up in Linz, Austria.
He joined the SS in 1932, voluntering for service at SD Head
Office in Berlin, then transfered to Department II –
The Jewish Dept. In 1937 he is ordered to visit Palestine,
to explore possibilities of deporting Europe’s Jews
to that area. After the annexation of Austria, Eichmann is
sent to Vienna in 1938. He organizes the mass emigration of
Jews, against payment of large sums of money. Back in Berlin
in 1939, he is put in charge of Department IV of the RSHA,
to handle evacuation of Jews from Eastern territories. Mass
exterminations begin at Auschwitz in 1941. In January of 1942
he attends the infamous "Wannsee Conference", convened
to implement the "Final Solution". Eichmann is to
become the chief executioner of this solution. When Germany
occupies its former ally Hungary on March 19, 1944, Eichmann
and his staff move their base of operations to Budapest. |
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PBS
WEB SITE (Eichmann Trial) |
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| Hansi Brand
& Oskar Schindler (Israel - mid-60s) |
Joel and his children |
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Rare photo of Kastner, Hansi &
Joel |
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